{"id":783,"date":"2026-08-09T05:57:38","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T02:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/?p=783"},"modified":"2026-08-09T05:57:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T02:57:40","slug":"dependenta-de-alcool","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/en\/dependenta-de-alcool\/","title":{"rendered":"Alcohol Addiction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ce se ascunde, de fapt, \u00een spatele paharului<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">elenapap.com | Psychology Office, Constanta<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201eToat\u0103 lumea \u00eemi spunea s\u0103 m\u0103 opresc, ca \u0219i cum ar fi fost simplu. Nimeni nu \u00eentreba de ce aveam nevoie s\u0103 opresc ceva \u2014 \u00eentrebau doar de ce nu opream.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dependen\u021ba de alcool este, poate, una dintre cele mai frecvent judecate \u0219i cel mai pu\u021bin \u00een\u021belese suferin\u021be psihice. Privirea din exterior o vede adesea ca pe o sl\u0103biciune de caracter sau o lips\u0103 de voin\u021b\u0103. Privirea din\u0103untru \u2014 cea a persoanei care tr\u0103ie\u0219te cu ea \u2014 este, aproape \u00eentotdeauna, mult mai complex\u0103: un amestec de durere, de \u00eencercare de a face fa\u021b\u0103 \u0219i, cu timpul, de captivitate real\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba unui mecanism biologic \u0219i psihologic care nu mai r\u0103spunde la simpla voin\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acest articol \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 ofere o \u00een\u021belegere psihologic\u0103 onest\u0103 a dependen\u021bei de alcool \u2014 de ce se instaleaz\u0103, ce func\u021bie are \u00een via\u021ba persoanei \u0219i ce anume face diferen\u021ba real\u0103 \u00een recuperare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Dependen\u021ba ca tulburare, nu ca defect de caracter<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Din perspectiv\u0103 psihologic\u0103 \u0219i medical\u0103 modern\u0103, dependen\u021ba de alcool este o tulburare cronic\u0103, cu componente biologice, psihologice \u0219i sociale bine documentate \u2014 nu o alegere repetat\u0103 sau o simpl\u0103 lips\u0103 de disciplin\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Modific\u0103ri neurobiologice reale: <\/strong>Consumul repetat de alcool modific\u0103 circuitele cerebrale de recompens\u0103, \u00een special cele care implic\u0103 dopamina. Cu timpul, creierul are nevoie de alcool doar pentru a atinge o stare pe care o considera anterior \u201enormal\u0103&#8221; \u2014 fenomen cunoscut ca toleran\u021b\u0103 \u0219i adaptare neurobiologic\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>O form\u0103 de auto-reglare emo\u021bional\u0103: <\/strong>Pentru mul\u021bi oameni, alcoolul devine, la un moment dat, principala \u2014 uneori singura \u2014 metod\u0103 accesibil\u0103 de a reduce anxietatea, de a amor\u021bi durerea emo\u021bional\u0103 sau de a face fa\u021b\u0103 unei suferin\u021be pentru care nu au g\u0103sit alte instrumente.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vulnerabilitate genetic\u0103: <\/strong>Componenta genetic\u0103 \u00een vulnerabilitatea c\u0103tre dependen\u021ba de alcool este bine documentat\u0103 \u2014 unele persoane au, biologic, un risc semnificativ mai mare dec\u00e2t altele, indiferent de mediul de via\u021b\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Important de \u00een\u021beles: <\/strong>a numi dependen\u021ba \u201etulburare&#8221; nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 a elimina responsabilitatea persoanei pentru propria recuperare. \u00censeamn\u0103 a \u00een\u021belege corect natura problemei, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t interven\u021bia s\u0103 fie eficient\u0103, \u00een loc de ru\u0219ine \u0219i presiune care, de regul\u0103, agraveaz\u0103 situa\u021bia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. De ce se instaleaz\u0103 \u2014 func\u021bia din spatele consumului<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aproape \u00eentotdeauna, consumul problematic de alcool are o func\u021bie psihologic\u0103 \u2014 chiar dac\u0103, \u00een timp, func\u021bia ini\u021bial\u0103 se pierde \u00een spatele mecanismului de dependen\u021b\u0103 fizic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Anestezierea unei suferin\u021be emo\u021bionale: <\/strong>Anxietatea social\u0103, trauma neprocesat\u0103, doliul, singur\u0103tatea sau conflictele rela\u021bionale cronice sunt frecvent prezente \u00een istoricul persoanelor cu dependen\u021b\u0103 de alcool \u2014 consumul devenind, la \u00eenceput, o \u00eencercare de auto-tratament.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modelarea din familia de origine: <\/strong>Persoanele care au crescut \u00een familii unde alcoolul era prezent, normalizat sau folosit ca strategie de coping, au un risc crescut de a repeta acest tipar, f\u0103r\u0103 ca aceasta s\u0103 fie o alegere con\u0219tient\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Normalizarea cultural\u0103 \u0219i social\u0103: <\/strong>\u00cen anumite medii sociale sau profesionale, consumul de alcool este at\u00e2t de normalizat \u0219i de a\u0219teptat, \u00eenc\u00e2t linia dintre consumul social \u0219i cel problematic devine greu de recunoscut chiar \u0219i de c\u0103tre persoana implicat\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Comorbidit\u0103\u021bi psihice frecvente: <\/strong>Depresia, anxietatea generalizat\u0103, tulburarea bipolar\u0103 sau PTSD coexist\u0103 frecvent cu dependen\u021ba de alcool \u2014 uneori preced\u00e2nd-o, alteori dezvolt\u00e2ndu-se \u00een paralel, \u00eentr-o rela\u021bie bidirec\u021bional\u0103 complex\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Ciclul dependen\u021bei \u2014 de ce nu este \u201edoar voin\u021b\u0103&#8221;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201e\u00cemi promiteam de fiecare dat\u0103 c\u0103 a fost ultima. \u0218i de fiecare dat\u0103 credeam sincer asta, \u00een momentul respectiv. Nimeni din afar\u0103 nu vede c\u00e2t de real este acel moment de sinceritate \u2014 \u0219i c\u00e2t de repede se pr\u0103bu\u0219e\u0219te.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unul dintre cele mai greu de \u00een\u021beles aspecte ale dependen\u021bei, pentru cei din afar\u0103, este mecanismul prin care inten\u021biile bune \u0219i promisiunile sincere nu se traduc, de la sine, \u00een schimbare durabil\u0103. Acest lucru nu se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 din lips\u0103 de sinceritate \u2014 se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 pentru c\u0103 dependen\u021ba func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe mecanisme care dep\u0103\u0219esc simpla decizie con\u0219tient\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dependen\u021ba fizic\u0103 real\u0103: <\/strong>Simptomele de sevraj \u2014 anxietate intens\u0103, tremur, insomnie, \u00een cazuri severe chiar risc medical real \u2014 fac ca oprirea brusc\u0103 s\u0103 fie, pentru mul\u021bi, resim\u021bit\u0103 ca literalmente insuportabil\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 sprijin medical adecvat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Absen\u021ba unor alternative de coping: <\/strong>F\u0103r\u0103 o alternativ\u0103 real\u0103 de a face fa\u021b\u0103 stresului, triste\u021bii sau anxiet\u0103\u021bii, alcoolul r\u0103m\u00e2ne singurul instrument cunoscut \u2014 iar renun\u021barea la el, f\u0103r\u0103 a construi \u00een paralel alte mecanisme, las\u0103 persoana f\u0103r\u0103 nicio metod\u0103 de reglare emo\u021bional\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Declan\u0219atorii condi\u021biona\u021bi: <\/strong>Anumite locuri, persoane, ore din zi sau st\u0103ri emo\u021bionale devin, prin repeti\u021bie, declan\u0219atori automa\u021bi ai dorin\u021bei de a consuma \u2014 un mecanism \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat, care necesit\u0103 timp \u0219i lucru specific pentru a fi dez\u00eenv\u0103\u021bat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ru\u0219inea care alimenteaz\u0103 izolarea: <\/strong>Ru\u0219inea intens\u0103 asociat\u0103 rec\u0103derilor duce frecvent la izolare \u0219i la evitarea cerut\u0103 de ajutor \u2014 exact \u00een momentele \u00een care sprijinul ar fi cel mai necesar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Ce simte persoana care tr\u0103ie\u0219te cu dependen\u021ba<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 tu sau cineva drag te confrun\u021bi cu aceast\u0103 suferin\u021b\u0103, c\u00e2teva lucruri sunt importante de \u00een\u021beles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nu e\u0219ti o persoan\u0103 slab\u0103 sau rea. <\/strong>Dependen\u021ba este, ast\u0103zi, unanim recunoscut\u0103 \u00een literatura medical\u0103 \u0219i psihologic\u0103 drept o tulburare tratabil\u0103 \u2014 nu un defect moral sau o dovad\u0103 de sl\u0103biciune a caracterului.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rec\u0103derea nu anuleaz\u0103 progresul f\u0103cut p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci. <\/strong>Rec\u0103derea este, pentru mul\u021bi oameni, parte a procesului de recuperare, nu dovada e\u0219ecului total. Modul \u00een care este gestionat\u0103 o rec\u0103dere \u2014 cu sprijin sau cu izolare ru\u0219inoas\u0103 \u2014 face o diferen\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 pentru traiectoria ulterioar\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Durerea din spatele consumului este real\u0103 \u0219i merit\u0103 adresat\u0103. <\/strong>Suferin\u021ba care a stat la baza consumului \u2014 fie anxietate, trauma, singur\u0103tate sau altceva \u2014 merit\u0103, la r\u00e2ndul ei, aten\u021bie \u0219i tratament direct, nu doar eliminarea consumului.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Recuperarea este real\u0103 \u0219i documentat\u0103. <\/strong>Cu tratament adecvat \u2014 medical, psihologic \u0219i, adesea, sprijin de grup \u2014 recuperarea este posibil\u0103, iar mii de oameni tr\u0103iesc, ast\u0103zi, o via\u021b\u0103 stabil\u0103 \u0219i cu sens dup\u0103 perioade de dependen\u021b\u0103 sever\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Terapia \u2014 ce func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tratamentul dependen\u021bei de alcool este, de regul\u0103, multidisciplinar \u0219i adaptat etapei \u00een care se afl\u0103 persoana \u2014 de la dezintoxicare medical\u0103 supravegheat\u0103, acolo unde este necesar\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la procesul psihologic de lung\u0103 durat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interviul Motiva\u021bional (Motivational Interviewing)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dezvoltat de William Miller \u0219i Stephen Rollnick, Interviul Motiva\u021bional lucreaz\u0103 cu ambivalen\u021ba \u2014 starea fireasc\u0103 de a dori, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, at\u00e2t schimbarea, c\u00e2t \u0219i men\u021binerea status quo-ului. \u00cen loc de confruntare direct\u0103, terapeutul exploreaz\u0103, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu persoana, propriile motive pentru schimbare, respect\u00e2nd ritmul \u0219i autonomia acesteia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Terapia Cognitiv-Comportamental\u0103 pentru dependen\u021be (CBT)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lucreaz\u0103 pe identificarea declan\u0219atorilor specifici, restructurarea g\u00e2ndurilor care men\u021bin consumul (\u201eam nevoie de asta ca s\u0103 m\u0103 relaxez&#8221;, \u201enu m\u0103 pot descurca f\u0103r\u0103&#8221;) \u0219i dezvoltarea unor strategii comportamentale concrete pentru a face fa\u021b\u0103 situa\u021biilor de risc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prevenirea Rec\u0103derii bazat\u0103 pe Mindfulness (MBRP)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Combin\u0103 tehnicile de mindfulness cu principiile prevenirii rec\u0103derii, ajut\u00e2nd persoana s\u0103 observe pofta de consum (craving-ul) ca pe o senza\u021bie trec\u0103toare, f\u0103r\u0103 a ac\u021biona automat pe baza ei \u2014 o abilitate care se exerseaz\u0103 sistematic, ca orice alt\u0103 competen\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Terapia de familie \u0219i de cuplu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dependen\u021ba afecteaz\u0103 profund dinamica familial\u0103, iar recuperarea sus\u021binut\u0103 beneficiaz\u0103 frecvent de implicarea partenerului sau a familiei \u2014 at\u00e2t pentru repararea rela\u021biilor, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru identificarea tiparelor care, neinten\u021bionat, pot men\u021bine consumul (fenomenul de codependen\u021b\u0103).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grupurile de sprijin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Programele de tip 12 pa\u0219i (Alcoolicii Anonimi) \u0219i alte forme de grup terapeutic ofer\u0103 un sentiment esen\u021bial de apartenen\u021b\u0103, reducerea izol\u0103rii \u0219i ru\u0219inii, \u0219i modelarea recuper\u0103rii prin contactul direct cu alte persoane aflate \u00een diferite etape ale ei. Cercet\u0103rile arat\u0103 beneficii semnificative atunci c\u00e2nd sunt combinate cu terapia individual\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lucrul cu cauza subiacent\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Atunci c\u00e2nd dependen\u021ba este intim legat\u0103 de o traum\u0103 neprocesat\u0103, de anxietate sever\u0103 sau de depresie, tratarea exclusiv\u0103 a consumului, f\u0103r\u0103 a adresa suferin\u021ba de baz\u0103, produce rezultate fragile. Terapia integrat\u0103 \u2014 care abordeaz\u0103 simultan dependen\u021ba \u0219i condi\u021bia psihic\u0103 asociat\u0103 \u2014 are rezultate net superioare trat\u0103rii separate a celor dou\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Pentru familia \u0219i apropia\u021bii persoanei afectate<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A tr\u0103i al\u0103turi de cineva cu dependen\u021b\u0103 de alcool este extenuant emo\u021bional, iar c\u00e2teva principii pot ajuta:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fii atent la tiparele de codependen\u021b\u0103: <\/strong>Acoperirea consecin\u021belor consumului (scuze la munc\u0103, rezolvarea problemelor financiare create, minimalizarea situa\u021biei \u00een fa\u021ba altora) simte, adesea, ca ajutor \u2014 dar poate, involuntar, \u00eent\u00e2rzia momentul \u00een care persoana realizeaz\u0103 amploarea real\u0103 a problemei.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nu po\u021bi controla recuperarea altcuiva: <\/strong>Persoana cu dependen\u021b\u0103 nu poate fi \u201econvins\u0103&#8221; sau \u201eiubit\u0103&#8221; s\u0103 se vindece prin efortul altcuiva. Recuperarea autentic\u0103 porne\u0219te, \u00eentotdeauna, din interiorul persoanei afectate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Caut\u0103 sprijin pentru tine, separat: <\/strong>Al-Anon \u0219i grupurile similare, dedicate special familiilor persoanelor cu dependen\u021b\u0103, ofer\u0103 sprijin real, validare \u0219i instrumente concrete pentru a naviga aceast\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 a te pierde pe tine \u00een proces.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Set healthy boundaries: <\/strong>Limitele clare \u0219i consecvente \u2014 nu ca pedeaps\u0103, ci ca protec\u021bie pentru propria s\u0103n\u0103tate emo\u021bional\u0103 \u2014 sunt esen\u021biale \u0219i, adesea, cel mai dificil aspect al rela\u021biei cu o persoan\u0103 cu dependen\u021b\u0103 activ\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Note clinice pentru profesioni\u0219ti<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceast\u0103 sec\u021biune se adreseaz\u0103 psihologilor \u0219i psihoterapeu\u021bilor care lucreaz\u0103 sau doresc s\u0103 lucreze cu persoane cu dependen\u021b\u0103 de alcool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Siguran\u021ba medical\u0103 \u00eenainte de toate: <\/strong>Evalua\u021bi \u00eentotdeauna riscul medical al sevrajului \u00eenainte de a \u00eencepe lucrul psihologic activ. Sevrajul alcoolic poate fi periculos din punct de vedere medical, iar recomandarea c\u0103tre dezintoxicare medical\u0103 supravegheat\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd este indicat\u0103, nu este op\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Adaptarea la stadiul de schimbare: <\/strong>Respecta\u021bi stadiul de schimbare al clientului (modelul transteoretic Prochaska \u0219i DiClemente). Un client aflat \u00een stadiul de precontemplare nu va r\u0103spunde la interven\u021bii construite pentru stadiul de ac\u021biune \u2014 \u0219i for\u021barea ritmului produce, de regul\u0103, rezisten\u021b\u0103 crescut\u0103, nu progres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Reformularea rec\u0103derii ca informa\u021bie, nu e\u0219ec: <\/strong>Nu trata\u021bi rec\u0103derea ca e\u0219ec terapeutic. Privi\u021bi-o ca informa\u021bie valoroas\u0103 despre declan\u0219atorii \u0219i vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile specifice ale clientului, de folosit constructiv pentru rafinarea planului de interven\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u0103utarea activ\u0103 a cauzelor subiacente: <\/strong>Investiga\u021bi activ comorbidit\u0103\u021bile psihice. Tratarea exclusiv\u0103 a consumului, f\u0103r\u0103 a adresa trauma, anxietatea sau depresia subiacent\u0103, produce frecvent rec\u0103dere sau, uneori, deplasarea dependen\u021bei spre o alt\u0103 substan\u021b\u0103 sau comportament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Supervizarea \u0219i gestionarea contratransferului: <\/strong>Fi\u021bi aten\u021bi la propriul contratransfer, mai ales frustrarea \u00een fa\u021ba rec\u0103derilor repetate. Lucrul cu dependen\u021bele solicit\u0103 o toleran\u021b\u0103 terapeutic\u0103 ridicat\u0103 la ambivalen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i la ritmuri nelineare de progres \u2014 supervizarea regulat\u0103 este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru a men\u021bine o pozi\u021bie terapeutic\u0103 non-judicativ\u0103 \u0219i eficient\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Instead of conclusion<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dependen\u021ba de alcool nu este, \u00een esen\u021ba ei, despre o substan\u021b\u0103 \u2014 este despre o suferin\u021b\u0103 care a g\u0103sit, la un moment dat, o cale aparent func\u021bional\u0103 de a fi gestionat\u0103, cale care a devenit, cu timpul, o problem\u0103 \u00een sine. \u00cen\u021belegerea acestui mecanism nu scuz\u0103 consecin\u021bele, dar deschide calea c\u0103tre o interven\u021bie cu adev\u0103rat eficient\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recuperarea nu este liniar\u0103 \u0219i nu este u\u0219oar\u0103. Dar este posibil\u0103 \u2014 cu sprijin specializat, cu r\u0103bdare \u0219i cu o \u00een\u021belegere real\u0103 a ceea ce se afl\u0103, de fapt, \u00een spatele paharului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201eAm \u00een\u021beles c\u0103 nu luptam \u00eempotriva alcoolului. Luptam \u00eempotriva unei dureri pe care nu \u0219tiam cum s\u0103 o duc altfel. Terapia m-a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat s\u0103 o duc diferit.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Not\u0103: <\/strong>Acest articol are scop informativ \u0219i nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te evaluarea sau tratamentul de specialitate. Dependen\u021ba de alcool poate implica riscuri medicale reale, mai ales la oprirea consumului, \u0219i necesit\u0103, adesea, sprijin medical al\u0103turi de cel psihologic. Dac\u0103 tu sau cineva drag v\u0103 confrunta\u021bi cu aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie, un prim pas util este discu\u021bia cu un medic de familie sau contactarea unui specialist \u00een adic\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scientific references<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Miller WR, Rollnick S (2012) \u2014 Motivational Interviewing: Helping People Change (3rd edition). <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23512433\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guilford Press \u2014 referin\u021b\u0103 fundamental\u0103 pentru Interviul Motiva\u021bional<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Witkiewitz K, Bowen S (2010) \u2014 Depression, craving, and substance use following a randomized trial of mindfulness-based relapse prevention. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20873893\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology | PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article based on resources from <a href=\"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/en\/\">elenapap.com \u2014 Psychology Office, Constanta<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ce se ascunde, de fapt, \u00een spatele paharului elenapap.com | Cabinet Psihologie, Constan\u021ba \u201eToat\u0103 lumea \u00eemi spunea s\u0103 m\u0103 opresc, ca \u0219i cum ar fi fost simplu. Nimeni nu \u00eentreba de ce aveam nevoie s\u0103 opresc ceva \u2014 \u00eentrebau doar de ce nu opream.&#8221; Dependen\u021ba de alcool este, poate, una dintre cele mai frecvent judecate&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":784,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,6],"tags":[22],"class_list":["post-783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sanatate-mintala","category-psihologie","tag-dependente"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/783","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=783"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/783\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":785,"href":"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/783\/revisions\/785"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/784"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=783"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=783"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elenapap.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}